The idea that any object could be so dense that light cannot escape from it was proposed by the English clergyman John Michell in 1783. A decade later, the great French mathematician Marquis Pierre Simon de Laplace used Newton's laws of gravitation to calculate just how dense a star would have to be for this to occur. If light is made of particles, Laplace reasoned, they could move at a velocity less than the escape velocity for the star. So, just like a rock thrown from the surface of the Earth, light could be insufficiently speedy to escape the star's gravitational field. Then in the early 20th century, the German physicist Karl Schwarzschild used Einstein's general theory of relativity to identify the point of no return beyond which nothing can ever escape the pull of gravity: the "event horizon". In Einstein's theory, space actually curves around to prevent light, or anything else, from escaping.
But in the 1970s, glimmerings began to emerge that suggested something might be able to escape from a black hole after all. These glimmerings arose from the study of quantum mechanics, the branch of physics that describes things at their smallest scales. In 1974 Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University in the UK, building on earlier work by Jacob Bekenstein at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, showed that when you include quantum mechanics in the description of the quantum fields surrounding a black hole, the hole is not entirely black. Instead, it appears to radiate particles into its surroundings. These particles constitute what became known as Hawking radiation and, crucially, they demonstrated that a black hole can evaporate.
Y-e-s-s, much hel-l-l-p-p-p! Perhaps radiated particles might c-c-c-oalesce to bring back Gnormalcy...oh, such p-p-pain! Many Thank=y-y-yous! V-v-v-v-ladimirrrrrrr
Gnomes of Cambridge - Greta & Vladimir, BlogStar Gnomes!!
Welcome -- we say приветствовать in Russian -- to Greta & Vladimir's Gnobservations, Gnopinions, and Gnadventures.
About Greta & Vladimir
Greta&Vladimir Kokoschka
Cambridge, MA, United States
Olden times, we were Royal Romanov Gnomes. Little Anastasia then our ребенок ; we make sure she drink milk and eat yogurt to have strong bones and teeth. We, Gnomes of Calcium, work very hard for such important job.
Alas, during Revolution, Anastasia and all her family die -- so sad, очень грустный. All Royals in much danger so we make escape from St Petersburg burning buildings and fires on back of horse. Very dangerous and we have much fear.
When horse shot dead beneath us, we must continue on foot to Odessa to find ship to flee. Walk to Odessa is very long and we become very tired. We stow away on boat to Amerika, but boat is going to Америка юг (SOUTH Amerika) - ach, who knew!
After much years in Brazil with Frogs, we work our way up coast on fishing boat and arrive on Cape Cod. Here we find человек child who does not eat Calcium and make Calcium adoption.
Very lucky we have been with new family -- they give us party each year to celebrate our birthday!
But we fail much miserably as человек child still not like yogurt, but yet we become very celebrity blogstar Gnomes of Cambridge...
2 comments:
I hope that this can help!!!
The idea that any object could be so dense that light cannot escape from it was proposed by the English clergyman John Michell in 1783. A decade later, the great French mathematician Marquis Pierre Simon de Laplace used Newton's laws of gravitation to calculate just how dense a star would have to be for this to occur. If light is made of particles, Laplace reasoned, they could move at a velocity less than the escape velocity for the star. So, just like a rock thrown from the surface of the Earth, light could be insufficiently speedy to escape the star's gravitational field. Then in the early 20th century, the German physicist Karl Schwarzschild used Einstein's general theory of relativity to identify the point of no return beyond which nothing can ever escape the pull of gravity: the "event horizon". In Einstein's theory, space actually curves around to prevent light, or anything else, from escaping.
But in the 1970s, glimmerings began to emerge that suggested something might be able to escape from a black hole after all. These glimmerings arose from the study of quantum mechanics, the branch of physics that describes things at their smallest scales. In 1974 Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University in the UK, building on earlier work by Jacob Bekenstein at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, showed that when you include quantum mechanics in the description of the quantum fields surrounding a black hole, the hole is not entirely black. Instead, it appears to radiate particles into its surroundings. These particles constitute what became known as Hawking radiation and, crucially, they demonstrated that a black hole can evaporate.
Y-e-s-s, much hel-l-l-p-p-p! Perhaps radiated particles might c-c-c-oalesce to bring back Gnormalcy...oh, such p-p-pain!
Many Thank=y-y-yous!
V-v-v-v-ladimirrrrrrr
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